With strong macroeconomic fundamentals, the Indian economy was well-placed on trajectory of high growth rate in early 2020 when outbreak of coronavirus epidemic in China was reported. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the epidemic as a pandemic, plunging the world into an unprecedented medical crisis. 

When countrywide lockdown was announced from March 25, 2020, most of the economic activities came to a grinding halt in urban areas. However, rural India continued to be normal in view of the exemption from restrictions allowed to farmers to conduct farming operations, including harvesting and transporting their produce to grain markets with the general conditions of face covering, hand hygiene and social distancing. These exemptions helped to maintain continuity in supply chain, especially in view of harvesting and sowing season.

To deal with the economic challenges caused by the pandemic, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the creation of ‘COVID-19 Economic Response Task Force’ under the Union Finance Minister. Similarly, PM CARES Fund was created to deal with any kind of emergency or distress situation.

On May 12, 2020, the Prime Minister announced Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan (Self-reliant India Initiative) which combined relief, policy reforms and fiscal and monetary measures to help businesses and individuals to cope with the situation created by COVID-19 pandemic. A mega package of ` 20 lakh crore (10 percent of GDP) was announced for the purpose.

Dr. Niranjan Sahoo is Professor of Disaster Management, at Xavier Institute of Social Service (XISS), Ranchi. He is also Advisor, National Productivity Council, Ministry of Industry and Commerce, Government of India. Born in Odisha, he is academically specialized in rural management domain in general and disaster management in particular. In his 20-years of job experience, he initially got a campus placement offer while studying at Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan by a Germany-based funding agency (EZE, Bonn) located in Calcutta. He was felicitated with Visva-Bharati Snatakattor Upadhi in 1997 at Santiniketan by the then Prime Minister of India Shri I.K. Gujral. He got his Ph.D. degree from Magadh University, Bodhgaya, India.

Professor Sahoo received International Intellectual Award 2010 in an International Conference on “Indo-Thai Friendship Summit and Economic Growth” held in Bangkok, Thailand on December 30, 2010 for outstanding rural development teachings. He has travelled to Nepal, US, Bangladesh, England, Singapore, South Korea, Indonesia, China, France, Switzerland, Thailand, Mongolia, Germany and Mexico for academic purposes. He has to his credit 15 research publications in national and international journals. Besides, he has authored three books, the recent one being annotated by Journal of Economic Literature of Economic Association of America and reviewed by the Prime Minister of India. Being a community member to the UNSDRR, he was part of the United Nations delegation to its global platform held in Mexico (2017), Ulaan Baatar (2018) and in Geneva (2019) along with the Home Minister of India.

Dr. Mukunda Chandra Sahoo is Associate Professor, Department of Hospital Administration, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar. He did his MBBS from MKCG Medical College, Berhampur and postgraduate studies in hospital administration from All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Dr. Sahoo is a hospital administrator with experience in hospital management and has served in various capacities in Indian Army, DRDO and healthcare organisations in the government sector. He is a research guide and examiner for postgraduate studies in hospital administration and has written a number of articles and book chapters on management of hospitals. His exemplary services were duly acknowledged by the Indian Army and DRDO. Currently, he is also Additional Medical Superintendent, AIIMS, Bhubaneshwar.